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Bergamot has been used in Italian folk medicine for many years, and is named after the city of Bergamo. Italians had traditionally used it to curb fever and worms, but its usage has expanded and is now applied for a variety of conditions and symptoms.

Analgesic, anthelmintic, antidepressant, antiseptic (pulmonary, genito-urinary), antispasmodic, antitoxic, carminative, digestive, diuretic, deodorant, febrifuge, laxative, parasiticide, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge, vulnerary.

Bergamot essential oil appears light green to yellow and has a fresh and citrusy scent, much like other citrus fruit oils. The undertones of the scent are far more reminiscent of woody and earthy tones than the initial overtones, which makes it great to combine with oils like lavender, jasmine, geranium, lemon, and chamomile.

Some of the constituents of Bergamot can be phototoxic, meaning they can cause for irritation or sensitivity of your skin when it comes in contact with sunlight. Consumers should be careful to use limited quantities when applying Bergamot dermally, and should contact a physician prior to use if they have any questions or concerns regarding their own experience.

• Skin Care: Can be used to combat a variety of skin conditions including acne and insect bites.
• Respiratory Conditions: Can assist in relieving a sore throat or symptoms of tonsillitis.
• Digestive Issues: Can limit flatulence and can increase appetite.
• Immune System: Can help to boost the immune system in fighting colds, fever, flu, and other infections.
• Nervous System: Commonly applied to help ease anxiety, depression, and stress as well as uplift mood and mental stimulation.

In traditional Eastern Medicines, dried Bitter Orange was used as a digestive and to assist with bodily was excretion, as well as a high-source of vitamin C to assist with conditions like scurvy, jaundice, and sepsis.

Antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, bactericidal, carminative, choleretic, digestive, fungicidal, hypotensive, sedative (nervous), stimulant (digestive and lymphatic), stomachic, tonic.

A dark yellow or brownish-yellow mobile liquid with a fresh, dry, almost floral odour with a rich, sweet undertone.

Phototoxic; otherwise generally non-toxic, non-irritant and non-sensitizing. Limonene has been reported to cause contact dermatitis in some individuals.

• Skin Care: Mouth sores, mouth ulcers, and skin complexity and oil issues.
• Respiratory Conditions: Bronchitis, chills.
• Digestive System: Constipation, dyspepsia, spasm.
• Immune System: Colds, ’flu.
• Nervous System: Nervous tension and stress-related conditions.

It was used for digestive disorders, kidney disease, uterine and menstrual complaints, for cleansing ulcers and as a general nerve tonic.

Anthelmintic, antidiarrhoeal, antidote (to poison), antimicrobial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, anti-putrescent, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, digestive, emmenagogue, haemostatic, orexigenic, parasiticide, refrigerant, spasmolytic, stimulant (circulatory, cardiac, respiratory), stomachic, and vermifuge.

A colourless or pale yellowy-green liquid with a sweet, nutty-herbaceous scent. It blends well with juniper, lavender, coriander, cardomon, geranium, sandalwood, cedarwood, pine, labdanum, jasmine, frankincense, bergamot and other citrus oils.

Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing. Avoid during pregnancy. Do not use clary sage oil while drinking alcohol since it can induce a narcotic effect and exaggerate drunkenness. Clary sage is generally used in preference to the garden sage in aromatherapy due to its lower toxicity level.

• Skin Care: Acne, boils, dandruff, hair loss, inflamed conditions, oily skin and hair, ophthalmia, ulcers, wrinkles.
• Muscle and Joint Pain: High blood pressure, muscular aches and pains.
• Respiratory Conditions: Asthma, throat infections, whooping cough.
• Digestive System: Colic, cramp, dyspepsia, flatulence.
• Nervous System: Depression, frigidity, impotence, migraine, nervous tension and stress-related disorders.

Used for centuries in Europe in the treatment of chronic cystitis and bronchitis; also for treating piles, chronic diarrhoea and intestinal problems.

Bactericidal, balsamic, disinfectant, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant.

The oil is a pale yellow or greenish mobile liquid with a mild, sweet, balsamic-peppery odour. It blends well with cananga, ylang ylang, vanilla, jasmine, violet and other florals.

Relatively non-toxic, non-irritant, possible sensitization. Large doses cause vomiting and diarrhea.

• Respiratory Conditions: Bronchitis, chills, colds, coughs, etc.
• Digestive System: Intestinal infections, piles.
• Nervous System: Stress-related conditions like depression and anxiety.

Used since the earliest times as a medicinal and culinary herb. In Germany and Scandinavia especially, it is used with fish and cucumber, and the seeds baked in bread. In the west and east it is used as a soothing digestive aid for indigestion, wind, colic etc. especially in children.

Antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, digestive, emmenagogue, galactagogue, hypotensive, stimulant, stomachic.

A colourless to pale yellow mobile liquid with a light fresh warm-spicy scent.

Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing.

• Digestive System: Colic, dyspepsia, flatulence, indigestion.

As a traditional household remedy in Australia, Eucalyptus was often used for respiratory ailments like bronchitis and asthma, as well as skin and muscle ailments - which quickly made its way into Western Medicine practice and has been employed as such ever since.

Analgesic, antineuralgic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, balsamic, cicatrisant, decongestant, deodorant, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, hypoglycaemic, parasiticide, prophylactic, rubefacient, stimulant, vermifuge, vulnerary.

Eucalyptus essential oil is colorless liquid that yellows slightly as it ages with a camphorous (highly concentrated minty) overtone and woody, yet sweet, undertone. It makes a great addition to many other oils including rosemary, lavender, marjoram, and lemon.

Eucalyptus oil is virtually non-irritant (excluding cases of allergy) when applied externally or when diluted in a diffuser. Eucalyptus oil should NOT be used undiluted, and should NEVER be swallowed or consumed orally, even in small volumes.

• Skin Care: Applied often for burns, cuts, and blisters, as well as insect bites and skin infections
• Muscle and Joint Care: Used in lotions and massage oils to reduce muscle and joint pain from arthritis or exertion.
• Respiratory Conditions: Commonly used externally to relieve symptoms of chest colds and bronchitis, as well as asthma and sinusitis.
• Immune System: Can interrupt symptoms of cold and ‘flu

Used since antiquity as an incense in India, China and in the west by the Catholic Church. In ancient Egypt it was used in rejuvenating face masks, cosmetics and perfumes. It has been used medicinally in the east and west for a wide range of conditions including syphilis, rheumatism, respiratory and urinary tract infections, skin diseases, as well as digestive and nervous complaints.

Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, cicatrisant, cytophylactic, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, sedative, tonic, uterine, vulnerary.

A pale yellow or greenish mobile liquid with a fresh, terpeney top note and a warm, rich, sweet-balsamic undertone. It blends well with sandalwood, pine, vetiver, geranium, lavender, mimosa, neroli, orange, bergamot, camphor, basil, pepper, cinnamon and other spices. It modifies the sweetness of citrus blends in an intriguing way.

Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing.

• Skin Care: Blemishes, dry and mature complexions, scars, wounds, wrinkles.
• Respiratory Conditions: Asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, coughs, laryngitis.
• Immune System: Colds, ’flu.
• Nervous System: Anxiety, nervous tension and stress-related conditions

H. officinalis has an ancient medical reputation and was used for purifying sacred places, and employed as a strewing herb. It is used principally for respiratory and digestive complaints, and externally for rheumatism,bruises, sores, earache and toothache. It is also used to regulate the blood pressure, as a general nerve tonic, and for states of anxiety or hysteria. It is current in the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia as a specific for bronchitis and the common cold.

Astringent, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, bactericidal, carminative, cephalic, cicatrisant, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hypertensive, nervine, sedative, sudorific, tonic (heart and circulation), vermifuge, vulnerary.

A colourless to pale yellowy-green liquid with a sweet, camphoraceous top note and warm spicy-herbaceous undertone. It blends well with lavender, rosemary, myrtle, bay leaf, sage, clary sage, geranium and citrus oils.

Non-irritant, non-sensitizing; the oil is moderately toxic due to the pinocamphone content. It should be used only in moderation and avoided in pregnancy and by epileptics.

• Skin Care: Bruises, cuts, dermatitis, eczema, inflammation, wounds.
• Muscle and Joint Pain: Arthritis, fatigue, muscular aches and pains, poor circulation, rheumatism, sprains, strains etc.
• Respiratory Conditions: Catarrh, congestion, coughs, sinusitis, sore throat.
• Digestive System: Colic, indigestion.
• Immune System: Colds, ’flu.
• Nervous System: Nervous tension, neuralgia and stress-related conditions.

Lavender has been used in folk tradition for a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from stomach pain and muscle spasms to debilitating nervous disorders and hysteria.

Analgesic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, antimicrobial, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, carminative, cholagogue, choleretic, cicatrisant, cordial, cytophylactic, deodorant, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypotensive, insecticide, nervine, parasiticide, rubefacient, sedative, stimulant, sudorific, tonic, vermifuge, vulnerary.

Lavender essential oil ranges from completely clear/pale to yellow with a sweet and floral overtone, matched with an equally soothing and inviting woody and earthy undertone. Lavender essential oil is very versatile and blends extremely well with many oils including just about every citrus or floral oil, clary sage, geranium, and patchouli.

Lavender essential oil is non-toxic, non-irritant, and non-sensitizing in nearly all consumers, with exceptions for people with allergies to Lavender.

• Muscle and Joint Care: Useful for combating the pain associated with muscle aches, rheumatism, and sprains.
• Respiratory Conditions: Lavender can be helpful in relieving the symptoms of asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, throat infections, and whooping cough.
• Digestive Issues: Can help to ease the stress on your digestive tract caused by abdominal cramps, flatulence, and nausea.
• Immune System: Used often as a remedy for head colds and ‘flu’s
• Nervous System: Lavender essential oil is wonderful at curbing the symptoms of depression, headache, hypertension, insomnia, migraine, nervous tension, and stress-related conditions.

Lemongrass has been employed in traditional Indian culture and medicine for generations, and in medicine is usually used to curb fever and other infectious illnesses.

Analgesic, antidepressant, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, antipyretic, antiseptic, astringent, bactericidal, carminative, deodorant, febrifuge, fungicidal, galactagogue, insecticidal, nervine, sedative (nervous), tonic.

East Indian Lemongrass essential oil has a yellow or amber appearance with fresh grassy and lemony scent, it is generally lighter in odor and color than West Indian Lemongrass. Lemongrass blends well with Lavender, Clary Sage, Ylang Ylang, and other citrusy oils.

Lemongrass is non-toxic, although there are possible dermal sensitivities for some individuals - use with care.

• Skin Care: Lemongrass essential oil can have an effect on acne, athlete’s foot, excessive perspiration, and other skin inconsistencies.
• Muscle and Joint Pain: Applied dermally in a massage oil for muscle pain, joint stiffness, poor circulation, and muscle tone.
• Digestive Issues: Can be useful in dealing with colitis, indigestion, and gastroenteritis.
• Immune System: Has been used to combat fever and other infectious disease.
• Nervous System: Can ease pain caused by headaches and hypertension, and can relieve nervous exhaustion and other stress-related conditions.

Spanish Marjoram was used in traditional herbal medicine by the Greeks and Romans, the latter whom crowned newlywed couples with wreaths made from the plant as a symbol of love, honor and happiness. In a medicinal sense, the leaves and flowers were used to make tea which was often used by vocalists to preserve their voices, and by regular townsfolk to battle cold and flu-like symptoms.

Decongestive, antiseptic, antispasmodic, sedative, analgesic and antifungal.

Spanish Marjoram essential oil is spicy and camphoraceous in smell and has a thin consistency. Typcially, the oil has an orange or amber hue after distillation.

Possibly hypoallergenic in some users. Do not use internally or in young children or while pregnant.

• Skin Care: Athlete’s foot, cuts and sores.
• Muscle and Joint Pain: Sprains and stiff joints.
• Nervous System: Nervous tension, stress-related concerns, depression, anxiety, and hysteria.

In Chinese medicine the dried sweet orange peel is used to treat coughs, colds, anorexia and malignant breast sores.

Antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, bactericidal, carminative, choleretic, digestive, fungicidal, hypotensive, sedative (nervous), stimulant (digestive and lymphatic), stomachic, tonic.

A yellowy-orange or dark orange mobile liquid with a sweet, fresh-fruity scent, richer than the distilled oil. It blends well with lavender, neroli, lemon, clary sage, myrrh and spice oils such as nutmeg, cinnamon and clove.

Possibly hypoallergenic in some users. Do not use internally or in young children or while pregnant.

• Skin Care: Dull and oily complexions, mouth ulcers.
• Muscle and Joint Pain: Obesity, palpitations, water retention.
• Respiratory Conditions: Bronchitis, chills.
• Digestive System: Constipation, dyspepsia, spasm.
• Immune System: Colds, ’flu.
• Nervous System: Nervous tension and stress-related conditions.

The herb and seed are used medicinally, principally for kidney and bladder problems, but it has also been employed for menstrual difficulties, digestive complaints and for arthritis, rheumatism, rickets and sciatica.

Antimicrobial, antirheumatic, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, depurative, emmenagogue, febrifuge, hypotensive, laxative, stimulant (mild), stomachic, tonic (uterine).

A yellow, amber or brownish liquid with a warm woody-spicy herbaceous odor. It blends well with rose, range blossom, cananga, tea tree, oakmoss, clary sage and spice oils.

Use in moderation. Avoid during pregnancy.

• Muscle and Joint Pain: Accumulation of toxins, arthritis, broken blood vessels, cellulitis, rheumatism, sciatica.
• Digestive System: Colic, flatulence, indigestion, haemorrhoids.

It is purported that mint has been cultivated for thousands of years, as far back as Ancient China and Japan, as well as Ancient Egypt - in which those cultures often used mint for a variety of ailments including indigestion, cold, and headaches.

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiphlogistic, antipruritic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, astringent, carminative, cephalic, cholagogue, cordial, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hepatic, nervine, stomachic, sudorific, vasoconstrictor, vermifuge.

Peppermint essential oil is pale yellow or green in color with a very strong and penetrating grassy/minty odor. It blends very well with rosemary, lavender, marjoram, lemon, eucalyptus, and other mint oils.

Peppermint oil is virtually non-toxic and non-irritant, however, it can cause sensitivities on the skin if used dermally and in concentration form.

• Skin Care: Peppermint oil has been used for acne, dermatitis, ringworm, and aching teeth and gums.
• Muscle and Joint Pain: Commonly employed to combat the pain associated with arthritis and neuralgia.
• Respiratory Conditions: Can be very effective as an expectorant - relieving congestion associated with asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, spasmodic cough, and other head cold related symptoms.
• Digestive Issues: Arguably the most effective use of Peppermint essential oil, it can help to rid the stomach of cramps, flatulence, and nausea.
• Immune System: Helps fight the symptoms of Colds, ‘flu, and fevers.
• Nervous System: Can assist in addressing headaches, mental fatigue, migraine, nervous stress, and vertigo.

In Spain it is regarded as something of a ‘cure-all’. Believed to promote longevity and protect against all types of infection (such as plague). Used to treat rheumatism, digestive complaints, menstrual problems, infertility and nervous weakness.

Antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, deodorant, depurative, digestive, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hypotensive, nervine, regulator (of seborrhoea), stimulant (hepatobiliary, adrenocortical glands, circulation), stomachic, tonic (nerve and general).

A pale yellow mobile liquid with a fresh-herbaceous, camphoraceous, slightly pinelike odour. It blends well with rosemary, lavandin, lavender, pine, citronella, eucalyptus, juniper, clary sage and cedarwood.

Relatively non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing. Avoid during pregnancy; use in moderation.

• Skin Care: Acne, cuts, dandruff, dermatitis, eczema, excessive sweating, hair loss, gingivitis, gum infections, sores.
• Muscle and Joint Pain: Arthritis, debility, fluid retention, muscular aches and pains, poor circulation, rheumatism.
• Respiratory Conditions: Asthma, coughs, laryngitis.
• Digestive System: Jaundice, liver congestion.
• Immune System: Colds, fevers, ’flu.
• Nervous System: Headaches, nervous exhaustion and stress-related conditions.

A highly versatile herb, Sweet Marjoram has been used in both cooking and folk remedies since the times of Ancient Greece, particularly for muscle and joint pain, respiratory issues, immune system deficiencies, and digestive concerns.

Analgesic, anaphrodisiac, anti-oxidant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, bactericidal, carminative, cephalic, cordial, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, fungicidal, hypotensive, laxative, nervine, sedative, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator, vulnerary.

Sweet Marjoram essential oil is pale yellow or amber colored and has a warm, woody, and camphoraceous odor. It blends very well with lavender, rosemary, bergamot, chamomile, tea tree, and eucalyptus.

Sweet Marjoram essential oil is virtually non-toxic, but it is recommended to suspend usage while pregnant or breastfeeding.

• Skin Care: Helpful in reducing pain from bruising and effective in repelling insects.
• Muscle and Joint Pain: Used frequently to address arthritis, muscular aches and stiffness, rheumatism, sprains, and strains.
• Respiratory Conditions: Commonly used to combat asthma, bronchitis, and cough.
• Digestive Issues: Can be employed to relieve digestive problems including constipation, dyspepsia, and flatulence.
• Immune System: Powerful in combating the symptoms of cold.
• Nervous System: Can relieve pain related to headache, hypertension, migraine, nervous tension, and can assist in combating insomnia and other stress-related conditions.

A common household spice, especially for curry powder. It is high in minerals and vitamins, especially vitamin C. It is also used extensively as a local home medicine. In Chinese herbalism it is used for bruises, sores, ringworm, toothache, chest pains, colic and menstrual problems, usually in combination with remedies. It was once used as a cure for jaundice.

Analgesic, anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, bactericidal, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, hypotensive, insecticidal, laxative, rubefacient, stimulant.

A yellowy-orange liquid with a faint blue fluorescence and a fresh spicy-woody odour. It blends well with cananga, labdanum, elecampane, ginger, orris, cassie, clary sage and mimosa.

The ketone ‘tumerone’ is moderately toxic and irritant in high concentration. Possible sensitization problems.

• Muscle and Joint Pain: Arthritis, muscular aches and pains, rheumatism.
• Digestive System: Sluggish digestion, liver congestion.

This herb has been highly esteemed since medieval times, and used to be called ‘all heal’. It has been used in the West for a variety of complaints, especially where there is nervous tension or restlessness, such as insomnia, migraine, dysmenorrhoea, intestinal colic, rheumatism, and as a pain reliever. On the Continent the oil has been used for cholera, epilepsy and for skin complaints. In China it is used for backache, colds, menstrual problems, bruises and sores.

Anodyne, anti-dandruff, diuretic, antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, depressant of the central nervous system, hypnotic, hypotensive, regulator, sedative, stomachic.

An olive to brown liquid (darkening with age) with a warm-woody, balsamic, musky odour; a green topnote in fresh oils.

Non-toxic, non-irritant, possible sensitization. Use in moderation.

• Skin Care: Allergies, inflammation, mature skin (rejuvenating), rashes, etc.
• Nervous System: Insomnia, nervous indigestion, migraine, restlessness and tension states.

Historically, Ylang Ylang has been used as a piece of symbolism in marriage ceremonies, but it’s also been used as a symptomatic remedy for a variety of conditions like depression, anxiety, colds, ‘flu, and other infections inside and out.

Aphrodisiac, antidepressant, anti-infectious, antiseborrhoeic, antiseptic, euphoric, hypotensive, nervine, regulator, sedative (nervous), stimulant (circulatory), tonic.

Ylang Ylang essential oil is pale yellow in color, with a far more oily texture than other oils. The scent is tantalizingly sweet, soft, and floral, while the undertones are slightly spicy. While it’s an awesome perfume in its own right, it combines wonderfully with jasmine, bergamot, rose, and many other oils like lavender and frankincense.

Due to its strong scent, use Ylang Ylang sparingly to avoid headache or nausea, otherwise, Ylang Ylang is entirely non-toxic and non-irritant.

• Skin Care: Acne, insect bites, irritated skin, and other general skin care practice.
• Muscle and Joint Pain: Can increase circulation to the muscles and joints, relieving pain.
• Nervous System: Can be very effective in fighting depression, impotence, insomnia, nervous tension, and other nervous system disorders.