Bergamot has been used in Italian folk medicine for many years, and is named after the city of Bergamo. Italians had traditionally used it to curb fever and worms, but its usage has expanded and is now applied for a variety of conditions and symptoms.

Analgesic, anthelmintic, antidepressant, antiseptic (pulmonary, genito-urinary), antispasmodic, antitoxic, carminative, digestive, diuretic, deodorant, febrifuge, laxative, parasiticide, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge, vulnerary.

Bergamot essential oil appears light green to yellow and has a fresh and citrusy scent, much like other citrus fruit oils. The undertones of the scent are far more reminiscent of woody and earthy tones than the initial overtones, which makes it great to combine with oils like lavender, jasmine, geranium, lemon, and chamomile.

Some of the constituents of Bergamot can be phototoxic, meaning they can cause for irritation or sensitivity of your skin when it comes in contact with sunlight. Consumers should be careful to use limited quantities when applying Bergamot dermally, and should contact a physician prior to use if they have any questions or concerns regarding their own experience.

• Skin Care: Can be used to combat a variety of skin conditions including acne and insect bites.
• Respiratory Conditions: Can assist in relieving a sore throat or symptoms of tonsillitis.
• Digestive Issues: Can limit flatulence and can increase appetite.
• Immune System: Can help to boost the immune system in fighting colds, fever, flu, and other infections.
• Nervous System: Commonly applied to help ease anxiety, depression, and stress as well as uplift mood and mental stimulation.

Black Pepper has been used in the East for over 4000 years for medicinal and culinary purposes including use in monasteries for endurance and muscle and joint pain.

Analgesic, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, aperitif, aphrodisiac, bactericidal, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, febrifuge, laxative, rubefacient, stimulant (nervous, circulatory, digestive), stomachic, tonic.

A water-white to pale olive mobile liquid with a fresh, dry-woody, warm, spicy scent. It blends well with frankincense, sandalwood, lavender, rosemary, and marjoram.

Non-toxic, non-sensitizing, irritant in high concentration due to rubefacient properties. Use in moderation only.

• Muscle and Joint Pain: Anaemia, arthritis, muscular aches and pains, neuralgia, poor circulation, poor muscle tone (muscular atonia), rheumatic pain, sprains, stiffness.
• Respiratory Conditions: Chills.
• Digestive System: Colic, constipation, diarrhoea, flatulence, heartburn, loss of appetite, nausea.
• Immune System: Colds, ’flu, infections and viruses.

Used for centuries in Europe in the treatment of chronic cystitis and bronchitis; also for treating piles, chronic diarrhoea and intestinal problems.

Bactericidal, balsamic, disinfectant, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant.

The oil is a pale yellow or greenish mobile liquid with a mild, sweet, balsamic-peppery odour. It blends well with cananga, ylang ylang, vanilla, jasmine, violet and other florals.

Relatively non-toxic, non-irritant, possible sensitization. Large doses cause vomiting and diarrhea.

• Respiratory Conditions: Bronchitis, chills, colds, coughs, etc.
• Digestive System: Intestinal infections, piles.
• Nervous System: Stress-related conditions like depression and anxiety.

Used for conditions such as dysentery, haemorrhoids, inflammations, metrorrhagia and menorrhagia (excessive blood loss during menstruation). The root and herb of cranesbill is specifically indicated in the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia for diarrhoea and peptic ulcer.

Antidepressant, antihaemorrhagic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, cicatrisant, deodorant, diuretic, fungicidal, haemostatic, stimulant (adrenal cortex), styptic, tonic, vermifuge, vulnerary.

The Bourbon oil is a greenish-olive liquid with a green, rosy-sweet, minty scent. The Bourbon oil is generally preferred in perfumery work; it blends well with lavender, patchouli, clove, rose, sandalwood, jasmine, juniper, neroli, bergamot and other citrus oils.

Non-toxic, non-irritant, generally non-sensitizing; possible contact dermatitis in hypersensitive individuals, especially with the Bourbon type.

• Skin Care: Acne, bruises, broken capillaries, burns, congested skin, cuts, dermatitis, eczema, haemorrhoids, lice, oily complexion, mature skin, mosquito repellent, ringworm, ulcers, wounds.
• Muscle and Joint Pain: Cellulitis, engorgement of breasts, oedema, poor circulation.
• Respiratory Conditions: Sore throat, tonsillitis.
• Nervous System: Nervous tension, neuralgia and stress-related conditions.

Fresh ginger is used in China for many complaints including rheumatism, bacterial dysentery, toothache, malaria, and for cold and moist conditions such as excess mucus and diarrhoea. It is best known as a digestive aid, especially in the West.

Analgesic, anti-oxidant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitussive, aperitif, aphrodisiac, bactericidal, carminative, cephalic, diaphoretic, expectorant, febrifuge, laxative, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, tonic.

A pale yellow, amber or greenish liquid with a warm, slightly green, fresh, woody-spicy scent. It blends well with sandalwood, vetiver, patchouli, frankincense, rosewood, cedarwood, coriander, rose, lime, neroli, orange and other citrus oils.

Non-toxic, non-irritant (except in high concentration), slightly phototoxic; may cause sensitization in some individuals.

• Muscle and Joint Pain: Arthritis, fatigue, muscular aches and pains, poor circulation, rheumatism, sprains, strains etc.
• Respiratory Conditions: Catarrh, congestion, coughs, sinusitis, sore throat.
• Nervous System: Nervous tension, neuralgia and stress-related conditions.

Lavender has been used in folk tradition for a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from stomach pain and muscle spasms to debilitating nervous disorders and hysteria.

Analgesic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, antimicrobial, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, carminative, cholagogue, choleretic, cicatrisant, cordial, cytophylactic, deodorant, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypotensive, insecticide, nervine, parasiticide, rubefacient, sedative, stimulant, sudorific, tonic, vermifuge, vulnerary.

Lavender essential oil ranges from completely clear/pale to yellow with a sweet and floral overtone, matched with an equally soothing and inviting woody and earthy undertone. Lavender essential oil is very versatile and blends extremely well with many oils including just about every citrus or floral oil, clary sage, geranium, and patchouli.

Lavender essential oil is non-toxic, non-irritant, and non-sensitizing in nearly all consumers, with exceptions for people with allergies to Lavender.

• Muscle and Joint Care: Useful for combating the pain associated with muscle aches, rheumatism, and sprains.
• Respiratory Conditions: Lavender can be helpful in relieving the symptoms of asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, throat infections, and whooping cough.
• Digestive Issues: Can help to ease the stress on your digestive tract caused by abdominal cramps, flatulence, and nausea.
• Immune System: Used often as a remedy for head colds and ‘flu’s
• Nervous System: Lavender essential oil is wonderful at curbing the symptoms of depression, headache, hypertension, insomnia, migraine, nervous tension, and stress-related conditions.

Lemon peel has been used in folk tradition and the culinary world as a flavoring for hundreds of years. Upon the discovery of its vast nutritional attributes (high content of Vitamins A, B, and C) it became even more popular and was used as a sort-of “cure-all” for symptoms of infection like fever or scurvy. When taken internally, Lemon juice is very effective in addressing acidic conditions like arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Anti-anaemic, antimicrobial, antirheumatic, antisclerotic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, astringent, bactericidal, carminative, cicatrisant, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, haemostatic, hypotensive, insecticidal, rubefacient, stimulates white corpuscles, tonic, vermifuge.

Lemon essential oil begins as a pale green-yellow liquid, and begins to brown with aging. It has a very light, sharp, and citrus scent - making it perfect for blending with oils like Lavender, Ylang Ylang, Rose, Sandalwood, Chamomile, Geranium, Eucalyptus, and other citrus oils.

Internally, Lemon essential oil is non-toxic. However, external use can lead to sensitivities and Lemon essential oil is phototoxic, so it should not be applied dermally in areas that will be exposed to direct sunlight.

• Skin Care: Can be used or applied to the skin (in low volumes, and in a carrier oil) to address symptoms of acne, anaemia, brittle nails, boils, cuts, greasy skin, insect bites, mouth ulcers, spots, varicose veins, and warts.
• Muscle and Joint Care: Lemon essential oil is often used by people looking to relieve pain from arthritis, nosebleeds, obesity, poor circulation, and rheumatism.

In Chinese medicine the dried sweet orange peel is used to treat coughs, colds, anorexia and malignant breast sores.

Antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, bactericidal, carminative, choleretic, digestive, fungicidal, hypotensive, sedative (nervous), stimulant (digestive and lymphatic), stomachic, tonic.

A yellowy-orange or dark orange mobile liquid with a sweet, fresh-fruity scent, richer than the distilled oil. It blends well with lavender, neroli, lemon, clary sage, myrrh and spice oils such as nutmeg, cinnamon and clove.

Possibly hypoallergenic in some users. Do not use internally or in young children or while pregnant.

• Skin Care: Dull and oily complexions, mouth ulcers.
• Muscle and Joint Pain: Obesity, palpitations, water retention.
• Respiratory Conditions: Bronchitis, chills.
• Digestive System: Constipation, dyspepsia, spasm.
• Immune System: Colds, ’flu.
• Nervous System: Nervous tension and stress-related conditions.

It is purported that mint has been cultivated for thousands of years, as far back as Ancient China and Japan, as well as Ancient Egypt - in which those cultures often used mint for a variety of ailments including indigestion, cold, and headaches.

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiphlogistic, antipruritic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, astringent, carminative, cephalic, cholagogue, cordial, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hepatic, nervine, stomachic, sudorific, vasoconstrictor, vermifuge.

Peppermint essential oil is pale yellow or green in color with a very strong and penetrating grassy/minty odor. It blends very well with rosemary, lavender, marjoram, lemon, eucalyptus, and other mint oils.

Peppermint oil is virtually non-toxic and non-irritant, however, it can cause sensitivities on the skin if used dermally and in concentration form.

• Skin Care: Peppermint oil has been used for acne, dermatitis, ringworm, and aching teeth and gums.
• Muscle and Joint Pain: Commonly employed to combat the pain associated with arthritis and neuralgia.
• Respiratory Conditions: Can be very effective as an expectorant - relieving congestion associated with asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, spasmodic cough, and other head cold related symptoms.
• Digestive Issues: Arguably the most effective use of Peppermint essential oil, it can help to rid the stomach of cramps, flatulence, and nausea.
• Immune System: Helps fight the symptoms of Colds, ‘flu, and fevers.
• Nervous System: Can assist in addressing headaches, mental fatigue, migraine, nervous stress, and vertigo.

A common household spice, especially for curry powder. It is high in minerals and vitamins, especially vitamin C. It is also used extensively as a local home medicine. In Chinese herbalism it is used for bruises, sores, ringworm, toothache, chest pains, colic and menstrual problems, usually in combination with remedies. It was once used as a cure for jaundice.

Analgesic, anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, bactericidal, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, hypotensive, insecticidal, laxative, rubefacient, stimulant.

A yellowy-orange liquid with a faint blue fluorescence and a fresh spicy-woody odour. It blends well with cananga, labdanum, elecampane, ginger, orris, cassie, clary sage and mimosa.

The ketone ‘tumerone’ is moderately toxic and irritant in high concentration. Possible sensitization problems.

• Muscle and Joint Pain: Arthritis, muscular aches and pains, rheumatism.
• Digestive System: Sluggish digestion, liver congestion.